General Principles:
1.
Preferred diet is lacto-vegetarian
2.
Low in sodium, sugar, and calories
3.
Natural foods rich in high-quality fibre and
nutrients - preferably organic foods
4.
Emphasis on whole grains, seeds (including nuts),
fresh fruits, and vegetables
5.
Foods to be eliminated from the diet include
white-flour products, sweets, canned foods, syrupy juices, soft drinks,
squashes, hard-fats from animal sources – butter and cream in particular
6.
Yoghurt/curds, and skimmed milk is OK and can be
consumed within prescribed limits
7.
Tea and Coffee should be severely limited (1 cup
a day max) or avoided totally. Those addicted to these beverages should be
weaned away gradually
8.
Garlic and onions are excellent for the heart
9.
Nuts in general and walnuts, almonds, pistachios,
pecans, and peanuts in particular, are good for the heart as they reduce LDL
and help raise the levels of HDL. However do not consume more than a handful a
day. You could even use them to garnish your oat porridge. Importantly, all
nuts that you consume should be unsalted.
10.
Among grains Oats and barley are the gold
standard as they contain soluble fibre. Other foods that contain soluble fibre
include apples, pears, kidney beans, and prunes
11.
Among oils, olive oil and sesame (gingely) oil
are heart healthy. Cold-pressed oils are preferable to heat-processed oils.
Again oil should be limited to about 2 tablespoons a day
12.
Among fruits - fresh grapes, pineapples,
oranges, apples, custard apples, pomegranates, and pears are heart healthy
13.
Tender-coconut water is a good heart tonic
14.
Amla (Indian gooseberry) is an excellent heart
tonic
15.
Vegetables in general are rich in fibre and
should be part of a heart healthy diet
16.
Important thumb rule: 75-85% of a day’s food
should come from whole-grains, vegetables, and fruits
Table
1: Foods to be avoided or severely limited
Food substance
|
Remarks
|
What it means
|
Sodium (Salt)
|
Limit intake to < 1,500 mg per day –
roughly 1 teaspoon or lesser
|
1. No
“added” salt
2. No
biscuits, pastries, cakes, canned foods, savouries, chips, dips, sauces,
ketchups, and processed foods
3. Check
food labels for sodium content – several processed, commercially available
food substances contain hidden salt
|
Sugar
|
Cut recommended sugar intake by 50-60%
Recommended max sugar intake is 6 teaspoons/day, so aim for 2 teaspoons of
sugar a day
|
1. No
chocolates, sweets, toffees, and added refined sugar
2. Substitute
honey for sugar (again limit to no more than teaspoon/day) – honey is better
than refined sugar
|
Drugs
|
Avoid all NSAIDS* (In general and
particularly in Heart failure)
|
1.
Paracetamol/Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen should
be avoided by heart patients. If you have a headache use a balm or if you
must consume a pain-killer, choose aspirin
|
Trans fats
|
Avoid completely
|
1. Hydrogenated
fats (Vanaspathi/Dalda) to be avoided completely
2. Packaged
cookies, crackers, commercially prepared fried foods, chips, savouries,
sweetmeats, potato crispies, finger-chips
|
Triglycerides
|
Avoid or limit intake to negligible quantities
|
1. Includes
all of the above and rice (can be consumed in limited quantities), potatoes,
pizzas, burgers, white bread, rolls, and all refined starches
2. Whole
milk, butter, and fried foods
|
*Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Table
2: Natural foods that are "heart-healthy"
Food substance
|
Benefits
|
Grapes and grape juice
|
1. Contain
resveratrol known to preserve heart muscle flexibility
2. Reduces
heart pain and palpitations
3. Helpful
in reducing platelet aggregation and clots
4. Oxidises
LDL (bad cholesterol)
|
Apples
|
1. Contain
quercetin that is a natural anti-inflammatory which helps prevent blood clots
2. Rich in soluble fibre
|
Amla (Indian gooseberry)
|
1. Richest
natural source of Vitamin-C
2. Heart
tonic that tones up the heart muscle
|
Tomatoes
|
1. Contain
Lycopene a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger
2. Promotes
heart health
|
Almonds, walnuts, pistachios, pecans
|
1. Contain
“good-fat” (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats)
2. Enhance
HDL (good cholesterol), reduce LDL
3. Reduce inflammation
and blood clots
|
Onions and garlic
|
1. Reduces
LDL
2. Onions like
apples contain quercetin that is a natural anti-inflammatory which helps
prevent blood clots
3. Allicin
in garlic is broken down into sulphur compounds which then react with RBC in
blood to produce hydrogen sulphide which helps relax the blood vessels, thus
keeping blood flowing freely in arteries
|
Pineapples
|
1. Rich
source of vitamin-C
2. Improves
blood flow to heart
3. Prevents
pain due to angina
4. Beneficial
in patients with ischaemic heart disease
|
Pomegranates
|
1. Rich in
polyphenol antioxidants
2. Reduce
LDL, enhance HDL
Caution:
Pomegranate juice can (in some patients) interact with certain medicines such
as warfarin, ACE-inhibitors – check with your doctor before including it in
your diet
|
Oranges
|
1. Rich
source of Vitamin-C and phytochemicals
2. Prevents
LDL and enhances HDL
3. The
phytochemical Hesperidin, a flavanone, improves blood vessel function and
also lowers high blood pressure level
|
A sample meal plan:
On rising (optional)
|
Fresh
fruit juice of grapes, orange, or pineapple (without sugar, a teaspoon of
honey may be added for taste) alternatively: warm water with a few drops
lemon juice squeezed- in and a teaspoon of honey
|
Breakfast
|
2 slices of
brown/whole-wheat bread or a bowl of oats, or 3 steamed idlies, or a bowl of
vegetable upma or poha
One apple, or a pear,
a cup of grapes, or 5-6 slices of pineapple
A cup of unsalted yoghurt
or buttermilk or skimmed cow’s milk or soy milk
|
Mid-morning
|
A
glass of coconut water
|
Lunch
|
Mixed salad of vegetables
such as cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, onions, garlic and cucumber - seasoned
with olive or sesame oil (1 teaspoon)
Two whole-wheat
phulkas
1 bowl of vegetables
1 bowl of rice –
preferably fibre-rich red rice with sambar/rasam/vegetable stew (kootu)
One cup of
yoghurt/curd
|
Mid-afternoon/evening
|
1 cup
herbal or green tea without milk and sugar – a teaspoon of honey can be added
for taste
|
Dinner
|
2 whole wheat phulkas,
or 3 steamed idlies, or a bowl of
vegetable upma or poha
One fruit
A glass of unsalted
butter milk
|
|
|
Thanks .. Very useful
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